Antimycobacterial Drugs -I | Pharmacology Lectures | Medical Student | V-Learning
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Drugs used for the treatment of the diseases caused by mycobacterium are collectively termed as Antimycobacterial Drugs. This Pharmacology V-Learning™ on Antimycobacterial Drugs – I classify the diseases caused by Mycobacteria and then explain the mechanism of action of drugs used for tuberculosis treatment.
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Lecture Duration - 00:42:36
Release Date - January 2020
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Mycobacteria stands under the category of gram-positive bacteria. Mycobacteria species cause diseases such as Tuberculosis, Atypical Mycobacteria Infections, and Leprosy. In order to treat these diseases, antimycobacterial agents are developed.
On the basis of diseases caused, antimycobacterial agents are classified as drugs used in Tuberculosis, drugs used in Leprosy, and drugs used for Atypical Mycobacteria. The drugs used in Tuberculosis are further categorized as first-line drugs and alternative drugs.
The mechanism of action of antituberculosis is discussed in detail in this Pharmacology online video lecture. Isoniazid is one of them. The pro-drug INH is activated by catalase-peroxidase (KatG), and the active INH products are targeted by enzymes namely, enoyl acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (InhA) and beta-ketoacyl ACP synthase (KasA). As a result of Isoniazid mechanism of action, isoniazid interferes with the elongation of fatty acids and inhibits cell wall synthesis.
Rifampin mechanism of action illustrates that rifampin is thought to inhibit bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which appears to occur as a result of drug binding in the polymerase subunit deep within the DNA/RNA channel, facilitating direct blocking of the elongating RNA.
Ethambutol is a synthetic agent that inhibits arabinosyl transferases, which are important in cell wall synthesis of sensitive mycobacteria.
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Furthermore, the pyrazinamide mechanism of action comes under consideration. Pyrazinamide diffuses into active M. Tuberculosis that express pyrazinamidase enzyme that converts pyrazinamide to the active form pyrazinoic acid. Pyrazinoic acid then inhibits the enzyme fatty acid synthase.
Streptomycin, like other Aminoglycoside Antibiotics, inhibits Proteins synthesis in bacterial cells by binding to the 30S subunit of ribosomes
Learn the pharmacokinetics, clinical use, and adverse effects of all these antituberculosis drugs in this Pharmacology online video lecture.
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