Nord ABS 2020
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Interindividual differences in responses towards novel food among wild, non-provisioned vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus)
Christina Nord, Tyler Bonnell, Peter Henzi, Delaney Roth, Madison Clarke, & Louise Barrett
Learning is valuable because it allows animals to vary behavior in response to lifetime environmental changes. Variation in behavior is often associated with variation in learning abilities, especially social learning abilities, and such variation is generally viewed as species-typical. However, new evidence is revealing the importance of considering behavioral variation within species. Systematic interindividual differences in behavior may well be critical to understanding the evolution of behavior, including culture. To that end, we explored interindividual variation in the behavior of wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) living in three overlapping troops by recording individual responses towards novel foods (n=281). We tested for the effects of individual, group, and ecological variables on responses to novel foods, as well as population-level variation in behavior resulting from interindividual differences (repeatability). We found repeatability in the monkeys’ response (link scale R = 0.397; CI = 0.132-0.911, p < 0.001) and consistency both within age and sex classes. We also found that responses towards novel foods were influenced by the presence of social partners, revealing a social facilitation effect— that is, animals were more likely to eat the novel stimulus when another animal was present during the trial. Additionally, we found no effect of social interruption or resource availability on responding. We discuss our findings in light of of current hypotheses concerning individual variation in social learning abilities, as well as the importance of incorporating general learning theory into such interpretations.
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