Algae and algal blooms the role of phytoplankton in our e

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Algae, microscopic phytoplankton, are a fundamental part of the marine ecosystem and essential to all other life in the oceans. They are the food of other organisms and are important for the climate as they convert carbon dioxide into oxygen by photosynthesis. Most algal blooms are a natural part of the annual cycle of the ocean. There is a spring bloom in the Skagerrak, the Kattegat and the Baltic Sea, and a summer bloom of cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea. Algal blooms become a problem in combination with eutrophication, which can lead to a lack of oxygen on the sea floor. Some types of phytoplankton produce toxins which accumulate in marine animals, such as mussels. This film illustrates the basics about phytoplankton and their role in the ecosystem. SMHI carries out research to learn more about algae, and takes regular samples of phytoplankton and zooplankton as part of Sweden’s national environmental monitoring.

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